一磷酸腺苷激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK)广泛存在于真核细胞中,AMPK的活性受一磷酸腺苷(AMP)/三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的调节,应激反应可通过ATP的产生减少或消耗使细胞内AMP/ATP增加,从而激活AMPK.激活的AMPK可通过磷酸化下游靶蛋白,改变脂类和碳水化合物代谢,使其朝着抑制ATP消耗过程、促进ATP生成反应的方向进行,即抑制脂肪酸和糖原合成,促进脂肪酸氧化分解和葡萄糖的吸收,从而迅速恢复细胞中的能量,因此AMPK被称为"细胞能量调节器",在动物适应环境的过程中发挥着重要的作用.本文在国内外已有文献报道基础上,对AMPK的结构、分布、活性调节及对糖脂代谢的调节作用进行综述.%The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) is found in all eukaryotic cells. AMPK activity is a response to adenosine monophosphate ( AMP)/adenosine triphosphate ( ATP) .When a stress causes an inhibition of ATP production or an increase of ATP consumption, cellular AMP/ATP increa-ses, AMPK is activated.Once activated AMPK can phosphorylates its downstream target proteins.As a result, the lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms are changed towards the switches on promoting ATP-producing and in-hibiting ATP-consumption pathways, such as inhibitions of fatty acid and glycogen synthesis, stimulations of fatty acid oxidation and glucose absorption, by which energy in cells are rapidly recovered.Thus AMPK is called regulator of cell energy, and plays an important role for animals to adapt to the environment.This review summarized the structure, distribution, activity regulation and the regulatory roles on the glucose and lipid me-tabolism of AMPK based on the previous studies at home and abroad.
www.so.com目的 进一步证实在猪主动脉平滑肌细胞中磷酸腺苷激活的蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)抑制胰岛素样生长因子-1(insulin-like growth factor-1,IGF-1)刺激引起的细胞增生,以及探讨其可能的机制.方法 使用AMPK活化剂二甲双胍增强细胞内AMPK的活化(表现为AMPK第172位苏氨酸磷酸化增高);采用定点突变获得组成性激活型AMPK突变体,设计短发卡RNA (short hairpin,shRNA)序列构建AMPK干扰载体,并分别包装产生组成性激活型AMPK和AMPK敲低慢病毒.分别采用AMPK活化剂二甲双胍处理、组成性激活型AMPK慢病毒感染和AMPK敲低慢病毒感染猪主动脉平滑肌细胞,观察AMPK活性对猪主动脉平滑肌细胞中IGF-1刺激引起的细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(extraeellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2,ERK1/2)活性(表现为202位苏氨酸和204位酪氨酸的磷酸化)及其下游细胞增生的影响.结果 二甲双胍明显增强AMPK的活性(表现为172位苏氨酸磷酸化增高),并明显抑制IGF-1刺激引起的ERK1/2活化(表现为202位苏氨酸和204位酪氨酸的磷酸化受到抑制);组成性激活型AMPK表达能明显抑制IGF-1刺激引起的ERK1/2活化以及下游的细胞增生;在AMPK敲低细胞中,IGF-1能引起更强的ERKI/2活化.结论 AMPK能通过抑制ERK1/2活化抑制血管平滑肌细胞IGF-1信号,并能抑制IGF-1刺激引起的血管平滑肌细胞增生.
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